000			04759cab a2200337 a 4500
001			029908
003			UAHC_CL
005			20170803123139.0
008			110707s2011 us 000 eng
040			_aUAHC_CL _cUAHC_CL _dUAHC_CL
100	1		_aMoncel, Marie Hélène
245	1	4	_aThe emergence of neanderthal technical behavior : _bNew evidence from orgnac 3 (level 1, MIS 8), southeastern France / _cMarie-Hélène Moncel, Anne-Marie Moigne, Youssef Sam and Jean Combier.
246	2		_aNew evidence from orgnac 3 (level 1, MIS 8), southeastern France
260			_bUniversity of Chicago _aChicago _c2011
300			_app. 37-75
500			_aEn: Current Anthropology. Vol. 52, No. 1, 2011. pp. 37-75.
520			_aThe archaeological sequence from the Orgnac 3 site presents the opportunity to observe behavioral aspects characterizing the beginnings of the main Neanderthal technological strategies employed in Europe until marine isotopic stage (MIS) 3. In this site, the Levallois debitage method appears in the middle of the sequence (MIS 9) and develops at about 300,000 BP at the top of the sequence (MIS 8). The Levallois method is best represented in level 1, making the site one of the oldest examples of Levallois technology. Orgnac 3 indicates the emergence of new technological behavior in southern France and Europe around the limit between isotopic stages 9 and 8. In order to provide new evidence on pre-Neanderthal behavior, new data from level 1 were obtained by comparing stone processing systems with faunal remains. Lithic and bone assemblages display evidence of one to several occupations by horse and bovid hunters during predominantly cool climatic conditions. Animal carcass processing is principally associated with standardized knapping, which produced most of the tool supports. Small and large flakes bear little retouch. Behavioral modifications appeared later than changes in human anatomical traits and did not follow a particular rhythm. New behavioral aspects emerged in Europe as early as MIS 12, as indicated by subsistence strategies, and specialized and selective hunting and butchering strategies. During MIS 10, new technological behavior (pre-Levallois knapping) appeared. However, at Orgnac 3, the archaeological record reveals several stages. From MIS 9Ð8 and until MIS 7, strategies adopted by Neanderthals became systematic, independent of climatic conditions. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of early Neanderthal behavior, i.e., of human history.
520			_aThe archaeological sequence from the Orgnac 3 site presents the opportunity to observe behavioral aspects characterizing the beginnings of the main Neanderthal technological strategies employed in Europe until marine isotopic stage (MIS) 3. In this site, the Levallois debitage method appears in the middle of the sequence (MIS 9) and develops at about 300,000 BP at the top of the sequence (MIS 8). The Levallois method is best represented in level 1, making the site one of the oldest examples of Levallois technology. Orgnac 3 indicates the emergence of new technological behavior in southern France and Europe around the limit between isotopic stages 9 and 8. In order to provide new evidence on pre-Neanderthal behavior, new data from level 1 were obtained by comparing stone processing systems with faunal remains. Lithic and bone assemblages display evidence of one to several occupations by horse and bovid hunters during predominantly cool climatic conditions. Animal carcass processing is principally associated with standardized knapping, which produced most of the tool supports. Small and large flakes bear little retouch. Behavioral modifications appeared later than changes in human anatomical traits and did not follow a particular rhythm. New behavioral aspects emerged in Europe as early as MIS 12, as indicated by subsistence strategies, and specialized and selective hunting and butchering strategies. During MIS 10, new technological behavior (pre-Levallois knapping) appeared. However, at Orgnac 3, the archaeological record reveals several stages. From MIS 9ñ8 and until MIS 7, strategies adopted by Neanderthals became systematic, independent of climatic conditions. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of early Neanderthal behavior, i.e., of human history.
650		4	_aCONDUCTA HUMANA
650		4	_aPALEOANTROPOLOGIA
650		4	_aARQUEOLOGIA
650		4	_aRESTOS ANIMALES (ARQUEOLOGIA) _zFRANCIA
650		4	_aNEANDERTHAL
650		4	_aTECNOLOGIA LITICA
700	1		_aCombier, Jean
700	1		_aSam, Youssef
700	1		_aMoigne, Anne Marie
759			_aPP051
773	0		_tCurrent anthropology. _w029906
900			_aCURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY-01/11
942			_cREVA
999			_c29908 _d29908